To understand and exploit the capabilities of the process, basic computational and experimental studies are being carried out. For example, electrochemical studies are conducted to identify the relationship between process rates and applied voltage. Computational modeling of ion transport in mixed ionic conductors are being carried out to change the stoichometry of the stamp and the effect on stamp life. Parametric studies are used to increase the process resolution and to experiment with new materials and stamp fabrication methods.

Modeling of the underlying transport allows us estimate the concentration of the silver in a silver sulfide stamp (left). This silver can be redistributed in the stamp by subjecting the stamp to a bias potential, while in contact with a blocking electrode (like platinum or carbon).